Synthesis and Surface Modification of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for the Extraction of Cadmium Ions in Food and Water Samples: A Chemometric Study

In this project, a prompt, efficient, and effective method for Cd2+ ions extraction from different food water samples using magnetic dispersion-based solid phase by functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles was proposed. Iron were synthesized through the co-precipitation followed functionalization with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) 3-aminopropyl silane (APTES) to obtain Fe3O4@SiO2@APTES. This composite characterized techniques, including vibrating sample magnetometer, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, FTIR, SEM, XRD, BET. Variables studied pH, temperature, sorbent amount, sonication time, eluent volume affecting sorption efficacy of freshly sorbent. Plackett–Burman design utilized identification significant factors microextraction target analyte, while central optimization factors. Detection quantification limits obtained 0.17 0.58 ?gL?1, respectively, an enhancement factor 83.5. Under optimum conditions, Fe3O4@SiO2@APTES showed good stability even after >80 adsorption/desorption cycles run maintaining over 96% analyte recoveries. The developed validated assessing certified reference materials standard addition methodology detection in real samples. To confirm precision, repeatability (RSDr) reproducibility (RSDR) calculated found as <3.0 (n = 7) <7.5 15), respectively. Furthermore, accordance ISO/IEC 17025 recommendations, validation also confirmed “bottom-up” approach considering all possible uncertainties data.